(Under construction, ha - forever it seems!)
Bible Timeline byDon v 05th of 12/2015
orig: 20141028 timeline edited by don -BibleByDon: English Bible History byDon and Greatsitehttp://biblebydon.blogspot.com/2014/10/english-bible-history-bydon-and.html
(Italics reflect don's editing but not always present!)
Temporary holding for J D E P:
Need to put J D E JE and P in some years (see where some might go at 588BC in chart below)
good link: Writers of the Bible http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/writers-bible.html
The J source
- gets its name because it uses the divine name "Yahweh." In the stories about Abraham, for instance, God is called Yahweh. The German word for Yahweh is spelled with a J instead of a Y. And the German scholars who initially worked on the Documentary Hypothesis called the source "J.
- How does the Bible, in the sections that are attributed to this oldest source, J, depict Yahweh when he first appears?
- The earliest poems we have in the Bible depict the God of Israel, Yahweh, as a god who comes from the south, surrounded by an entourage of heavenly warriors who fight with him.
- He appears on mountains with all the accoutrements of a storm—the mountains quake, and the Earth shakes, and the clouds drop down water.
- He is, in effect, a storm god, like many other storm gods of the ancient Mediterranean world. J uses some of this language,
- and also, J describes Yahweh as a god personally involved with humans, like deities in myths of other cultures.
The E and D sources
- So the J source used the name Yahweh, but other sources used a different name for God. Tell us about the so-called E source.
- In Genesis, in many passages, God is called not Yahweh but Elohim. And some of these passages were identified in the Documentary Hypothesis as coming from a source called E, for Elohim. The E source is very difficult to characterize.
- The J source has a fairly coherent narrative, but the E source is extremely fragmentary. Some scholars even wonder if there is an E source.
- In the classic understanding, the E source seems to have a northern origin, because the stories in the book of Genesis are frequently set in the northern part of Israel, in what became the northern Kingdom of Israel.
- "In the Book of Deuteronomy there seems to be a new understanding of God's relationship with Israel and Israel's relationship with its God."
- Does E depict God differently than J does?Yes.
- In the J source, God appears directly to people. For example, he speaks directly to Abraham—he even comes to visit him and has dinner with him in his tent. In the E source, however, God is more remote. God doesn't appear in person to human beings, but God appears to them in dreams or sends messengers, later to be called angels, or sends prophets, but doesn't deal with human beings directly.
- The third source is called D, and it takes its name from the Book of Deuteronomy. It is found almost exclusively in the Book of Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy has a very distinctive style, which is very different from that found in the earlier books of the Torah. It also has important themes that, although found earlier in the Torah, are given special emphasis in Deuteronomy, especially the insistence on the exclusive worship of the God of Israel.
- Is it known when this source was written?
- Many scholars think that it was written in the late 8th century B.C. It was subsequently used by King Josiah, in the late 7th century B.C., in support of his effort to unify the kingdom and to enforce religious observance.
1,5000 BC or 1,400 BC Exodus
1,450 BC - 1400 BC: God Writes 10 Commandments. One of the first written "Word of God" (called The Ten Commandments mainly by Christians) delivered to Moses. (Of course Jews had 663 commandements or rules or laws, not just these 10)
1,??? Tabernacle in Land of Israel
1,450 BC - 1400 BC: God Writes 10 Commandments. One of the first written "Word of God" (called The Ten Commandments mainly by Christians) delivered to Moses. (Of course Jews had 663 commandements or rules or laws, not just these 10)
1,??? Tabernacle in Land of Israel
1200 BC 1020 BC Judges ruled
1020 BC 1000 BC King Saul
1004 BC David conquers Jeruselem
1000 BC 960 BC King David
960 BC 922 BC Kind Solomon
950 BC Solomon dedicates Temple
970? BC to 930 BC Temple built by Solomon
922 BC to 722 Divided Kingdom North (Israel) South (Judea)
722 BC: Assyrian Conqiest of Israel;Assyrian exile begins . .Fall of Israel (10 Northern tribes) to Assyrians
Late 7 BC (need work for this)
5th c Ezra and Nehemiah come to Judea from Babylonia with religious and political reform,
622 bc Josiah's Reforms who instituted major reforms. Josiah is credited by most historians with having established or compiled important Hebrew Scriptures during the Deuteronomic reform that occurred during his rule.Hilkiah discovered the Book of the Law. While Hilkiah was clearing the treasure room of the Temple[12] he claimed to have found a scroll described as "the book of the Law"[6] or as "the book of the law of Yahweh by the hand of Moses". When Josiah restored the true worship, Jeremiah went to the exiled ten tribes, whom he brought to Palestine under the rule of the pious king ('Ar. 33a). Although Josiah went to war with Egypt against the prophet's advice, yet the latter knew that the pious king did so only in error (Lam. R. l.c.); and in his dirges he bitterly laments the king's death, the fourth chapter of the Lamentations beginning with a dirge on Josiah
598 BC, 586 BC Two Babylonia Invasions under Nebuchadnezzar of Southern Kingdom of Israel and exile of elite to Babylonian in first one
588 "P' mentioned as looked back to past and found a reason for hope. (Armstrong 25) Built on PE adding Numbers and Leviticuse
586 BC Temple destroyed by Babylonians
575-450 BC (BEN Witherington)Babylonian Exile
538 BC - 333 Persian Period
538 BC - Cyrus II (Persian Empire) Conquers/rules Babylonia
538 BC to 516BC Temple Rebuilt
500 BC: Completion of All Original Hebrew Manuscripts which make up The 39 Books of the Old Testament.
398BC Ezra sent by Persian King to Jeruselum with mandate to enforce Torah in Jerusleum and surrounding country to the people primarily who stayed when others taken to Babylon. People surprised at what Torah said, ex get rid of foreign wives. During time of Sukkpch Fesstival of Lights and were to spend monthe in aspecial booths (from Armstrong, p 33)
333 BC - 323 BC Alexandra the Great conquers almost all the word including Israel and Judea bringing Greek influence
311bc- Ptolemaic Empire in Egupt dominates Palestine (BEN)
301BC-175BC Various Rulers of Judea under the Greeks (301BC Ptolemy ),(198 BC Selucids/Antiochus iii ), (175 BC Antiochus iv). Norther kingdom ruled by ????
1020 BC 1000 BC King Saul
1004 BC David conquers Jeruselem
1000 BC 960 BC King David
960 BC 922 BC Kind Solomon
950 BC Solomon dedicates Temple
970? BC to 930 BC Temple built by Solomon
922 BC to 722 Divided Kingdom North (Israel) South (Judea)
722 BC: Assyrian Conqiest of Israel;Assyrian exile begins . .Fall of Israel (10 Northern tribes) to Assyrians
Late 7 BC (need work for this)
5th c Ezra and Nehemiah come to Judea from Babylonia with religious and political reform,
622 bc Josiah's Reforms who instituted major reforms. Josiah is credited by most historians with having established or compiled important Hebrew Scriptures during the Deuteronomic reform that occurred during his rule.Hilkiah discovered the Book of the Law. While Hilkiah was clearing the treasure room of the Temple[12] he claimed to have found a scroll described as "the book of the Law"[6] or as "the book of the law of Yahweh by the hand of Moses". When Josiah restored the true worship, Jeremiah went to the exiled ten tribes, whom he brought to Palestine under the rule of the pious king ('Ar. 33a). Although Josiah went to war with Egypt against the prophet's advice, yet the latter knew that the pious king did so only in error (Lam. R. l.c.); and in his dirges he bitterly laments the king's death, the fourth chapter of the Lamentations beginning with a dirge on Josiah
598 BC, 586 BC Two Babylonia Invasions under Nebuchadnezzar of Southern Kingdom of Israel and exile of elite to Babylonian in first one
588 "P' mentioned as looked back to past and found a reason for hope. (Armstrong 25) Built on PE adding Numbers and Leviticuse
586 BC Temple destroyed by Babylonians
575-450 BC (BEN Witherington)Babylonian Exile
538 BC - 333 Persian Period
538 BC - Cyrus II (Persian Empire) Conquers/rules Babylonia
538 BC to 516BC Temple Rebuilt
500 BC: Completion of All Original Hebrew Manuscripts which make up The 39 Books of the Old Testament.
398BC Ezra sent by Persian King to Jeruselum with mandate to enforce Torah in Jerusleum and surrounding country to the people primarily who stayed when others taken to Babylon. People surprised at what Torah said, ex get rid of foreign wives. During time of Sukkpch Fesstival of Lights and were to spend monthe in aspecial booths (from Armstrong, p 33)
333 BC - 323 BC Alexandra the Great conquers almost all the word including Israel and Judea bringing Greek influence
311bc- Ptolemaic Empire in Egupt dominates Palestine (BEN)
301BC-175BC Various Rulers of Judea under the Greeks (301BC Ptolemy ),(198 BC Selucids/Antiochus iii ), (175 BC Antiochus iv). Norther kingdom ruled by ????
200 BC: Completion of the Septuagint
Greek Manuscripts which contain The 39 Old Testament Books AND
14 Apocrypha Books.
1st Century AD: Completion of All
Original Greek Manuscripts which make up The 27 Books of the
New Testament.
198BC Antiochus III of Syria takes Palestine (BEN)
168BC (Ben) Antiochus Iv tries to abolish Jewish faith
167 BC-164 BC Successful Jewish Revolt vs Antiochus iv by Maccabees (of family of Hasmoneas); Temple is rededicated after being used for profanation
166BC (BEN) Judas Maxxabeus starts rebellion
164 (Ben) Jerusalem reopened
143BC-67BC (Ben)Simon routs Antiochus VI, 134BC-104BC John Hyrcanus rules, 103-76BC Alexander Janneus ruler, 76-67BC Alexandra rules (Ben)
63 BC Romans under Pompey conquer Judeah and Jewish self rule ends
63BC-31BC (BEN)Pompey/Caesar
(37-4 or 2 BC) (BEN) Herod the Great
31BC -14AD (BEN) Augustus
27 BC -14 AD Roman Republic ends, Rule of Octavian, first Roman emperor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
04 AD Jesus suggested birth date
04-34 (BEN) Kingdom divided
14 AD-37AD Emperor Tiberius
26-37 (BEN) Pontius Pilate is fifth prefect
ca30 AD Jesus Crucifixion suggested date
31-41 Emperor Caligula
41-54 Emperor Claudius
c40-50 Paul's Letters Written
54-86 Emperor Nero
60's Paul probably executed
60-70s Gospel of Mark
??60 AD Completion of the Greek manuscripts which make up the 27 books of the New Testament
64 Work completed on (Herod's) Temple
69-70 Emperor Vespasian
070 AD Temple Destroyed again in war against Rome
79-81 Emperor Titus
c80-90 Gospels of Matthew and Luke
81-96 Emperior Domatian
90-95 AD Council of Jamnia, a Jewish council, met to revise the Books of the Canon (or the Old Testament as it is known to Christians.) These were the criteria:
The books had to conform to the Pentateuch (the first 5 books).
The books had to be written in Hebrew.
The books had to be written in Palestine.
The books had to be written before 400 B.C..
One result is the removal of the 14 books known as the Apochrypha.
c90-100 Gospel of John
198BC Antiochus III of Syria takes Palestine (BEN)
168BC (Ben) Antiochus Iv tries to abolish Jewish faith
167 BC-164 BC Successful Jewish Revolt vs Antiochus iv by Maccabees (of family of Hasmoneas); Temple is rededicated after being used for profanation
166BC (BEN) Judas Maxxabeus starts rebellion
164 (Ben) Jerusalem reopened
143BC-67BC (Ben)Simon routs Antiochus VI, 134BC-104BC John Hyrcanus rules, 103-76BC Alexander Janneus ruler, 76-67BC Alexandra rules (Ben)
63 BC Romans under Pompey conquer Judeah and Jewish self rule ends
63BC-31BC (BEN)Pompey/Caesar
(37-4 or 2 BC) (BEN) Herod the Great
31BC -14AD (BEN) Augustus
27 BC -14 AD Roman Republic ends, Rule of Octavian, first Roman emperor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
04 AD Jesus suggested birth date
04-34 (BEN) Kingdom divided
14 AD-37AD Emperor Tiberius
26-37 (BEN) Pontius Pilate is fifth prefect
ca30 AD Jesus Crucifixion suggested date
31-41 Emperor Caligula
41-54 Emperor Claudius
c40-50 Paul's Letters Written
54-86 Emperor Nero
60's Paul probably executed
60-70s Gospel of Mark
??60 AD Completion of the Greek manuscripts which make up the 27 books of the New Testament
64 Work completed on (Herod's) Temple
69-70 Emperor Vespasian
070 AD Temple Destroyed again in war against Rome
79-81 Emperor Titus
c80-90 Gospels of Matthew and Luke
81-96 Emperior Domatian
90-95 AD Council of Jamnia, a Jewish council, met to revise the Books of the Canon (or the Old Testament as it is known to Christians.) These were the criteria:
The books had to conform to the Pentateuch (the first 5 books).
The books had to be written in Hebrew.
The books had to be written in Palestine.
The books had to be written before 400 B.C..
One result is the removal of the 14 books known as the Apochrypha.
c90-100 Gospel of John
185 AD to 250 AD Origon
274 AD to 337 Constantine
325 (Don's Link) The First Council of Nicaea was the first ecumenical council of the Church. Most significantly, it resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed. With the creation of the creed, a precedent was established for subsequent local and regional councils of Bishops (Synods) to create statements of belief and canons of doctrinal orthodoxy—the intent being to define unity of beliefs for the whole of Christendom.
Derived from Greek (Ancient Greek: οἰκουμένη oikoumenē “the inhabited earth”), "ecumenical" means "worldwide" but generally is assumed to be limited to the known inhabited Earth,(Danker 2000, pp. 699-670) and at this time in history is synonymous with the Roman Empire; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius' Life of Constantine 3.6[8] around 338, which states "he convoked an Ecumenical Council" (Ancient Greek: σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει)[9] and the Letter in 382 to Pope Damasus I and the Latin bishops from the First Council of Constantinople.[10]
One purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements arising from within the Church of Alexandria over the nature of the Son in his relationship to the Father: in particular, whether the Son had been 'begotten' by the Father from his own being, with no beginning, or rather, begotten in time, or created out of nothing, therefore having a beginning.[11][11] St. Alexander of Alexandria and Athanasius took the first position; the popular presbyter Arius, from whom the term Arianism comes, took the second. The council decided against the Arians overwhelmingly (of the estimated 250–318 attendees, all but two agreed to sign the creed and these two, along with Arius, were banished to Illyria).[12]
Another result of the council was an agreement on when to celebrate Easter, the most important feast of the ecclesiastical calendar, decreed in an epistle to the Church of Alexandria in which is simply stated:
315 Athenasius, the Bishop of Alexandria, identifies the 27 books of the New Testament which are today recognized as the canon of scripture.
274 AD to 337 Constantine
325 (Don's Link) The First Council of Nicaea was the first ecumenical council of the Church. Most significantly, it resulted in the first uniform Christian doctrine, called the Nicene Creed. With the creation of the creed, a precedent was established for subsequent local and regional councils of Bishops (Synods) to create statements of belief and canons of doctrinal orthodoxy—the intent being to define unity of beliefs for the whole of Christendom.
Derived from Greek (Ancient Greek: οἰκουμένη oikoumenē “the inhabited earth”), "ecumenical" means "worldwide" but generally is assumed to be limited to the known inhabited Earth,(Danker 2000, pp. 699-670) and at this time in history is synonymous with the Roman Empire; the earliest extant uses of the term for a council are Eusebius' Life of Constantine 3.6[8] around 338, which states "he convoked an Ecumenical Council" (Ancient Greek: σύνοδον οἰκουμενικὴν συνεκρότει)[9] and the Letter in 382 to Pope Damasus I and the Latin bishops from the First Council of Constantinople.[10]
One purpose of the council was to resolve disagreements arising from within the Church of Alexandria over the nature of the Son in his relationship to the Father: in particular, whether the Son had been 'begotten' by the Father from his own being, with no beginning, or rather, begotten in time, or created out of nothing, therefore having a beginning.[11][11] St. Alexander of Alexandria and Athanasius took the first position; the popular presbyter Arius, from whom the term Arianism comes, took the second. The council decided against the Arians overwhelmingly (of the estimated 250–318 attendees, all but two agreed to sign the creed and these two, along with Arius, were banished to Illyria).[12]
Another result of the council was an agreement on when to celebrate Easter, the most important feast of the ecclesiastical calendar, decreed in an epistle to the Church of Alexandria in which is simply stated:
We also send you the good news of the settlement concerning the holy pasch, namely that in answer to your prayers this question also has been resolved. All the brethren in the East who have hitherto followed the Jewish practice will henceforth observe the custom of the Romans and of yourselves and of all of us who from ancient times have kept Easter together with you.[13]Historically significant as the first effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom,[5] the Council was the first occasion where the technical aspects of Christology were discussed.[5] Through it a precedent was set for subsequent general councils to adopt creeds and canons. This council is generally considered the beginning of the period of the First seven Ecumenical Councils in the History of Christianity.
315 Athenasius, the Bishop of Alexandria, identifies the 27 books of the New Testament which are today recognized as the canon of scripture.
360
AD Laodocia Council meets to decide which books and writings will be
accepted as Holy Scripture. The Greek Septuagint is accepted for the Old
Testament. Criteria for the New Testament writings include that they
must be written by an Apostle or during the time of the Apostles, that
they must support true doctrine and must have wide spread usage. Thus,
even though the Shepherd of Hermas, the First Letter of Clement, and the
Didache may have been widely used and contain true doctrines, they were
not canonical because they were not apostolic nor connected to the
apostolic age, or they were local writings without support in many
areas. - See more at:
http://amazingbibletimeline.com/bible_questions/q2_history_english_bible/#sthash.bpKHOLBe.dpuf
360 AD Laodocia Council meets to decide which books and writings will be accepted as Holy Scripture. The Greek Septuagint is accepted for the Old Testament. Criteria for the New Testament writings include that they must be written by an Apostle or during the time of the Apostles, that they must support true doctrine and must have wide spread usage. Thus, even though the Shepherd of Hermas, the First Letter of Clement, and the Didache may have been widely used and contain true doctrines, they were not canonical because they were not apostolic nor connected to the apostolic age, or they were local writings without support in many areas. -
382 Jerome's Latin Vulgate
Manuscripts Produced which contain All 80 Books (39 Old Test.
+ 14 Apocrypha + 27 New Test). Damasus I in 382 had revised the Old Latin text of the four Gospels from the best Greek texts,xxx 390 AD Jerome’s Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible is produced and in wide circulation. It includes all 80 books including the Apochrypha. It is used in Celtic monastaries in Britain. During this period the British within the Roman Empire use Latin as the official language
397 Third Council of Carthage (397) The Third Council of Carthage was a gathering (synod) of the catholic bishops of North Africa A.D. 397 to consider controversial problems of doctrine and discipline facing the Church.In response to controversy and debate regarding which books are
Scripture, this Council set forth the first listing of all of the 27
books of the New Testament canon together with 46 books of the Old testament: 73 books of the Bible. This was possibly an affirmation of the biblical canon originally set forth by an earlier Council of Hippo A.D. 393 under St. Athanasius. It was affirmed again by several councils of the Church in the following centuries. This is the canon finally defined as dogma by the Council of Trent
(1545-1563), which put an end to all debate in the Catholic Church
regarding the canonical status of individual books and parts of books of
the Bible.
The catholic bishops in the east were not confronted with the heresy of Marcionism and the necessity of recognizing and defining the canon of sacred scripture. The Orthodox Church has never defined the Old Testament canon, but they have been using the same one since the early times of the Church, beginning with the apostles in the 1st century. Orthodox Christians do not usually speak of "the canon of Scripture" but do think of the writings as "canonical", the difference being that the canonical writings are those traditionally judged as being faithful to the dogma of the Church and the Gospel of Christ.
500 Scriptures have been Translated into Over 500 Languages.
The catholic bishops in the east were not confronted with the heresy of Marcionism and the necessity of recognizing and defining the canon of sacred scripture. The Orthodox Church has never defined the Old Testament canon, but they have been using the same one since the early times of the Church, beginning with the apostles in the 1st century. Orthodox Christians do not usually speak of "the canon of Scripture" but do think of the writings as "canonical", the difference being that the canonical writings are those traditionally judged as being faithful to the dogma of the Church and the Gospel of Christ.
500 Scriptures have been Translated into Over 500 Languages.
600 LATIN was the Only Language
Allowed for Scripture.
640 AD to 735 AD Aldheim is credited with translating the whole Bible into English while Bede was still working on completing his translation when he died. The translations of these times are based on translations of the Latin Vulgate version rather than translations of the original Hebrew and Greek versions. -
640 AD to 735 AD Aldheim is credited with translating the whole Bible into English while Bede was still working on completing his translation when he died. The translations of these times are based on translations of the Latin Vulgate version rather than translations of the original Hebrew and Greek versions. -
995 Anglo-Saxon (Early Roots of
English Language) Translations of The New Testament Produced.
1330 The earliest extant Jewish manuscript to note the chapter divisions
dates from 1330, and the first printed edition was in 1516 (several
earlier Masoretic Bibles did not note the chapters).[citation needed]
Since then, all printed Hebrew Bibles note the chapter and verse
numbers out of practical necessity. However, ever since the 1961 Koren
edition, most Jewish editions of the Bible have made a systematic
effort to relegate chapter and verse numbers to the margins of the text,
as an indication that they are foreign to the Masoretic tradition.[citation needed]
1320 to 1380 Wycliffe life
1382 The Wycliffe English Bible of 1382 was the first Bible to use this chapter pattern.
1384 Wycliffe is the First Person to Produce a (Hand-Written) manuscript Copy of the Complete Bible; All 80 Books. 1384 John Wycliffe finishes the first translation of the entire Bible into English. His version and copies of it are handwritten.
1408 Synod of Oxford tries to suppress the Wycliffe Bible with little success.
1448 The Hebrew Old Testament was divided into verses by a Jewish rabbi by the name of Nathan in A.D. 1448. Robert Estienne, who was also known as Stephanus, was the first to divide the New Testament into standard numbered verses, in 1555.
1320 to 1380 Wycliffe life
1382 The Wycliffe English Bible of 1382 was the first Bible to use this chapter pattern.
1384 Wycliffe is the First Person to Produce a (Hand-Written) manuscript Copy of the Complete Bible; All 80 Books. 1384 John Wycliffe finishes the first translation of the entire Bible into English. His version and copies of it are handwritten.
1408 Synod of Oxford tries to suppress the Wycliffe Bible with little success.
1448 The Hebrew Old Testament was divided into verses by a Jewish rabbi by the name of Nathan in A.D. 1448. Robert Estienne, who was also known as Stephanus, was the first to divide the New Testament into standard numbered verses, in 1555.
1455 Gutenberg Invents the
Printing Press; Books May Now be mass-Produced Instead of
Individually Hand-Written. The First Book Ever Printed is Gutenberg Bible in Latin.1455 Gutenberg invents the printing press making it possible to mass produce books. The first book printed is Gutenberg’s Bible in Latin.
Historical Background: Reformation
A revolution in western thinking followed the midpoint of the 15th century A.D. The Renaissance opened up the treasures of both classical and patristic learning in a new way. It also revived an interest in the study of both Greek and Hebrew that made possible the study of the Bible in the original languages. This new interest in original editions stimulated textual research and also evidenced anew the corruption and ignorance of the contemporary church. The Renaissance created new opportunities for humanist scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who sought to make the Bible available to people of all ages, social levels, and countries.
More radical in outlook than Renaissance humanists were the Reformers, who measured the teaching and practice of the contemporary church by the standards of scripture. The Reformers were horrified by the obvious discrepancies. There soon emerged a mission to discover the pure biblical message and to reconstruct both the teaching and practice of the church. The Reformers became deeply convinced that it was both reasonable and necessary to circulate God’s word in order to purify the church from ignorance and destructive practices. (from http://davidsonpress.com)
Historical Background: Reformation
A revolution in western thinking followed the midpoint of the 15th century A.D. The Renaissance opened up the treasures of both classical and patristic learning in a new way. It also revived an interest in the study of both Greek and Hebrew that made possible the study of the Bible in the original languages. This new interest in original editions stimulated textual research and also evidenced anew the corruption and ignorance of the contemporary church. The Renaissance created new opportunities for humanist scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who sought to make the Bible available to people of all ages, social levels, and countries.
More radical in outlook than Renaissance humanists were the Reformers, who measured the teaching and practice of the contemporary church by the standards of scripture. The Reformers were horrified by the obvious discrepancies. There soon emerged a mission to discover the pure biblical message and to reconstruct both the teaching and practice of the church. The Reformers became deeply convinced that it was both reasonable and necessary to circulate God’s word in order to purify the church from ignorance and destructive practices. (from http://davidsonpress.com)
1492 Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue
1516 Erasmus Produces a Greek/Latin Parallel New Testament.
1516 Erasmus Produces a Greek/Latin Parallel New Testament.
1522 Martin Luther's German New
Testament.
1526 William Tyndale New
Testament; The First New Testament printed in the English
Language.
1525 William Tyndale’s New Testament is completed. His translation is based on the Latin vulgate, Erasmus Greek and the original Greek manuscripts. His wording and sentence structures are found in most modern day translations of the Bible.
Tyndale was committed to taking the Bible directly to the people. Expressing open defiance of the Pope, Tyndale said that if God would spare his life he would make it possible for even a ploughboy to know more about Holy Scripture than the Pope himself. By August of 1525 his translation of the New Testament was complete. Printing began at Cologne, but when the authorities forbade the project, Tyndale escaped to Worms, where 6,000 copies were printed and sold in England by April of 1526. Official opposition in England led to the destruction of most of these early copies.
Tyndale’s English work is similar to that of Martin Luther. Although he used Luther’s German translation, Tyndale also drew upon the Latin Vulgate as well as Erasmus’ Greek text. Ninety percent of the New Testament in the King James Version (KJV) is Tyndale’s translation. By the same token, where the KJV departed from Tyndale’s wording, the English Revised Version (ERV) of 1881 went back to it. Without question, this first printed English New Testament is the basis of all future works of translation.
1536 Tyndale executed. Tyndale did not live to complete his Old Testament translation. On May 21, 1535, he was arrested and later executed for heresy at Vilvorde, Belgium, on October 6, 1536. His dying prayer was that the Lord would open the eyes of the King of England. He left behind a manuscript containing the translation of the historical books from Joshua to 2 Chronicles that was finally published in 1537.
1525 William Tyndale’s New Testament is completed. His translation is based on the Latin vulgate, Erasmus Greek and the original Greek manuscripts. His wording and sentence structures are found in most modern day translations of the Bible.
Tyndale was committed to taking the Bible directly to the people. Expressing open defiance of the Pope, Tyndale said that if God would spare his life he would make it possible for even a ploughboy to know more about Holy Scripture than the Pope himself. By August of 1525 his translation of the New Testament was complete. Printing began at Cologne, but when the authorities forbade the project, Tyndale escaped to Worms, where 6,000 copies were printed and sold in England by April of 1526. Official opposition in England led to the destruction of most of these early copies.
Tyndale’s English work is similar to that of Martin Luther. Although he used Luther’s German translation, Tyndale also drew upon the Latin Vulgate as well as Erasmus’ Greek text. Ninety percent of the New Testament in the King James Version (KJV) is Tyndale’s translation. By the same token, where the KJV departed from Tyndale’s wording, the English Revised Version (ERV) of 1881 went back to it. Without question, this first printed English New Testament is the basis of all future works of translation.
1536 Tyndale executed. Tyndale did not live to complete his Old Testament translation. On May 21, 1535, he was arrested and later executed for heresy at Vilvorde, Belgium, on October 6, 1536. His dying prayer was that the Lord would open the eyes of the King of England. He left behind a manuscript containing the translation of the historical books from Joshua to 2 Chronicles that was finally published in 1537.
1535 Myles Coverdale's Bible; The
First Complete Bible printed in the English Language (80
Books: O.T. & N.T. & Apocrypha).Myles Coverdale Myles Coverdale and John “Thomas
Matthew” Rogers had remained loyal disciples the last six years of
Tyndale's life, and they carried the English Bible project forward and even
accelerated it. Coverdale finished translating the Old Testament, and in
1535 he printed the first complete Bible in the English
language, making use of Luther's German text and the Latin as sources. Thus,
the first complete English Bible was printed on October 4, 1535,
and is known as the Coverdale Bible.
xxxxx1535 Myles Coverdale, student of Tyndale’s, produces a Bible. It includes 80 books (The 39 Old Testament, 27 New Testament and 14 Apochrypha) His version uses the translations Tyndale was able to complete. Coverdale finished translating the rest of the Bible but not being a Hebrew or Greek scholar his portions are based on intermediate Latin and German translations rather than the original Greek and Hebrew.
1537 Tyndale-Matthews Bible; The Second Complete Bible printed in English. Done by John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers (80 Books).John Rogers John Rogers went on to print the second complete English Bible in 1537. It was, however, the first English Bible translated from the original Biblical languages of Hebrew & Greek. He printed it under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew", (an assumed name that had actually been used by Tyndale at one time) as a considerable part of this Bible was the translation of Tyndale, whose writings had been condemned by the English authorities. It is a composite made up of Tyndale's Pentateuch and New Testament (1534-1535 edition) and Coverdale's Bible and some of Roger's own translation of the text. It remains known most commonly as the Matthew-Tyndale Bible. It went through a nearly identical second-edition printing in 1549.
xxxx1537 Matthews Bible printed. Matthews Bible is really Tyndale’s translation supplemented by Coverdale’s translation. Henry VIII through the efforts of Archbishop Crammer and Thomas Cromwell gave permission for this English version of the Bible to be bought and sold throughout Britain.
Historical Background Leading to King James (Protestant) and Rheims-Douay (Catholic) Bibles: It is during this time that the Protestant Reformers gain political power in England with the breakoff from the Catholic Church by Henry VIII. The various Bible translations that follow are dependent upon the rise and fall of Protestant power. Mary Tudor is Catholic and during her time no new translations are permitted. Elizabeth is Protestant. Mary Stuart, never allowed to reign, is Catholic. Her son James who became King James I of England and King James VI of Scotland was raised in England by Elizabeth as a Protestant upon Mary Stuart’s abdication of the crown of Scotland when James was one year of age.
1539 The Great Bible is called that because of it’s size but it is basically Matthews Bible and was authorized for public use. It contains 80 books including the Apochrypha as an appendix.
1537 Tyndale-Matthews Bible; The Second Complete Bible printed in English. Done by John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers (80 Books).John Rogers John Rogers went on to print the second complete English Bible in 1537. It was, however, the first English Bible translated from the original Biblical languages of Hebrew & Greek. He printed it under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew", (an assumed name that had actually been used by Tyndale at one time) as a considerable part of this Bible was the translation of Tyndale, whose writings had been condemned by the English authorities. It is a composite made up of Tyndale's Pentateuch and New Testament (1534-1535 edition) and Coverdale's Bible and some of Roger's own translation of the text. It remains known most commonly as the Matthew-Tyndale Bible. It went through a nearly identical second-edition printing in 1549.
xxxx1537 Matthews Bible printed. Matthews Bible is really Tyndale’s translation supplemented by Coverdale’s translation. Henry VIII through the efforts of Archbishop Crammer and Thomas Cromwell gave permission for this English version of the Bible to be bought and sold throughout Britain.
Historical Background Leading to King James (Protestant) and Rheims-Douay (Catholic) Bibles: It is during this time that the Protestant Reformers gain political power in England with the breakoff from the Catholic Church by Henry VIII. The various Bible translations that follow are dependent upon the rise and fall of Protestant power. Mary Tudor is Catholic and during her time no new translations are permitted. Elizabeth is Protestant. Mary Stuart, never allowed to reign, is Catholic. Her son James who became King James I of England and King James VI of Scotland was raised in England by Elizabeth as a Protestant upon Mary Stuart’s abdication of the crown of Scotland when James was one year of age.
1539 The Great Bible is called that because of it’s size but it is basically Matthews Bible and was authorized for public use. It contains 80 books including the Apochrypha as an appendix.
1539 The "Great Bible" Printed;
The First English Language Bible Authorized for Public Use (80
Books). Thomas Cranmer In 1539, Thomas Cranmer,
the Archbishop of Canterbury, hired Myles Coverdale at the bequest of King
Henry VIII to publish the "Great Bible". It became the first
English Bible authorized for public use, as it was distributed to every
church, chained to the pulpit, and a reader was even provided so that the
illiterate could hear the Word of God in plain English. It would seem that
William Tyndale's last wish had been granted...just three years after his
martyrdom. Cranmer's Bible, published by Coverdale, was known as the Great
Bible due to its great size: a large pulpit folio measuring over 14
inches tall. Seven editions of this version were printed between April of
1539 and December of 1541.
xx1546 Council of Trent is called to answer the accusations of corruption and apostasy in the Catholic Church by the Protestant Reformers. The Council meets over a 27 year period. One of the results is that Jerome’s Latin Vulgate version of the Bible is held to be the official version of the Bible accepted by the Catholic Church.
1551 The first person to divide New Testament chapters into verses was Italian Dominican biblical scholar Santi Pagnini (1470–1541), but his system was never widely adopted.[12] Robert Estienne created an alternate numbering in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament [13] which was also used in his 1553 publication of the Bible in French. Estienne's system of division was widely adopted, and it is this system which is found in almost all modern Bibles.
The first English New Testament to use the verse divisions was a 1557 translation by William Whittingham (c. 1524–1579). The first Bible in English to use both chapters and verses was the Geneva Bible published shortly afterwards in 1560. These verse divisions soon gained acceptance as a standard way to notate verses, and have since been used in nearly all English Bibles and the vast majority of those in other languages. (Nevertheless, some Bibles have removed the verse numbering, including the ones noted above that also removed chapter numbers; a recent example of an edition that removed only verses, not chapters, is The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language by Eugene H. Peterson.)[14]
1555 The Hebrew Old Testament was divided into verses by a Jewish rabbi by the name of Nathan in A.D. 1448. Robert Estienne, who was also known as Stephanus, was the first to divide the New Testament into standard numbered verses, in 1555.
1555 Queen Mary The ebb and flow of freedom continued through the 1540's...and into the 1550's. After King Henry VIII, King Edward VI took the throne, and after his death, the reign of Queen “Bloody” Mary was the next obstacle to the printing of the Bible in English. She was possessed in her quest to return England to the Roman Church. In 1555, John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers and Thomas Cranmer were both burned at the stake. Mary went on to burn reformers at the stake by the hundreds for the "crime" of being a Protestant. This era was known as the Marian Exile, and the refugees fled from England with little hope of ever seeing their home or friends again.
1560 The Geneva Bible is printed. Verses are added for the first time in this edition. It is also the first translation of the Bible based entirely on the original Hebrew and Greek. It was translated by exiles from England living in Geneva during the Catholic Mary Tudor’s reign. The majority of the translation is attributed to William Whittington a relative of John Calvin.
xx1546 Council of Trent is called to answer the accusations of corruption and apostasy in the Catholic Church by the Protestant Reformers. The Council meets over a 27 year period. One of the results is that Jerome’s Latin Vulgate version of the Bible is held to be the official version of the Bible accepted by the Catholic Church.
1551 The first person to divide New Testament chapters into verses was Italian Dominican biblical scholar Santi Pagnini (1470–1541), but his system was never widely adopted.[12] Robert Estienne created an alternate numbering in his 1551 edition of the Greek New Testament [13] which was also used in his 1553 publication of the Bible in French. Estienne's system of division was widely adopted, and it is this system which is found in almost all modern Bibles.
The first English New Testament to use the verse divisions was a 1557 translation by William Whittingham (c. 1524–1579). The first Bible in English to use both chapters and verses was the Geneva Bible published shortly afterwards in 1560. These verse divisions soon gained acceptance as a standard way to notate verses, and have since been used in nearly all English Bibles and the vast majority of those in other languages. (Nevertheless, some Bibles have removed the verse numbering, including the ones noted above that also removed chapter numbers; a recent example of an edition that removed only verses, not chapters, is The Message: The Bible in Contemporary Language by Eugene H. Peterson.)[14]
1555 The Hebrew Old Testament was divided into verses by a Jewish rabbi by the name of Nathan in A.D. 1448. Robert Estienne, who was also known as Stephanus, was the first to divide the New Testament into standard numbered verses, in 1555.
1555 Queen Mary The ebb and flow of freedom continued through the 1540's...and into the 1550's. After King Henry VIII, King Edward VI took the throne, and after his death, the reign of Queen “Bloody” Mary was the next obstacle to the printing of the Bible in English. She was possessed in her quest to return England to the Roman Church. In 1555, John "Thomas Matthew" Rogers and Thomas Cranmer were both burned at the stake. Mary went on to burn reformers at the stake by the hundreds for the "crime" of being a Protestant. This era was known as the Marian Exile, and the refugees fled from England with little hope of ever seeing their home or friends again.
1560 The Geneva Bible is printed. Verses are added for the first time in this edition. It is also the first translation of the Bible based entirely on the original Hebrew and Greek. It was translated by exiles from England living in Geneva during the Catholic Mary Tudor’s reign. The majority of the translation is attributed to William Whittington a relative of John Calvin.
1560 The Geneva Bible Printed;
The First English Language Bible to add Numbered Verses to
Each Chapter (80 Books). John Calvin The New Testament was completed in 1557, and the complete
Bible was first published in 1560. It became known as the
Geneva Bible. Due to a passage in Genesis describing the clothing that
God fashioned for Adam and Eve upon expulsion from the Garden of Eden as
"Breeches" (an antiquated form of "Britches"), some
people referred to the Geneva Bible as the Breeches Bible.
John Knox
The Geneva Bible was the first Bible to add numbered verses to the chapters, so that referencing specific passages would be easier. Every chapter was also accompanied by extensive marginal notes and references so thorough and complete that the Geneva Bible is also considered the first English "Study Bible". William Shakespeare quotes hundreds of times in his plays from the Geneva translation of the Bible. The Geneva Bible became the Bible of choice for over 100 years of English speaking Christians. Between 1560 and 1644 at least 144 editions of this Bible were published. Examination of the 1611 King James Bible shows clearly that its translators were influenced much more by the Geneva Bible, than by any other source. The Geneva Bible itself retains over 90% of William Tyndale's original English translation. The Geneva in fact, remained more popular than the King James Version until decades after its original release in 1611! The Geneva holds the honor of being the first Bible taken to America, and the Bible of the Puritans and Pilgrims. It is truly the “Bible of the Protestant Reformation.” Strangely, the famous Geneva Bible has been out-of-print since 1644, so the only way to obtain one is to either purchase an original printing of the Geneva Bible, or a less costly facsimile reproduction of the original 1560 Geneva Bible.
With the end of Queen Mary's bloody reign, the reformers could safely return to England. The Anglican Church, now under Queen Elizabeth I, reluctantly tolerated the printing and distribution of Geneva version Bibles in England. The marginal notes, which were vehemently against the institutional Church of the day, did not rest well with the rulers of the day. Another version, one with a less inflammatory tone was desired, and the copies of the Great Bible were getting to be decades old. In 1568, a revision of the Great Bible known as the Bishop's Bible was introduced. Despite 19 editions being printed between 1568 and 1606, this Bible, referred to as the “rough draft of the King James Version”, never gained much of a foothold of popularity among the people. The Geneva may have simply been too much to compete with.
By the 1580's, the Roman Catholic Church saw that it had lost the battle to suppress the will of God: that His Holy Word be available in the English language. In 1582, the Church of Rome surrendered their fight for "Latin only" and decided that if the Bible was to be available in English, they would at least have an official Roman Catholic English translation. And so, using the corrupt and inaccurate Latin Vulgate as the only source text, they went on to publish an English Bible with all the distortions and corruptions that Erasmus had revealed and warned of 75 years earlier. Because it was translated at the Roman Catholic College in the city of Rheims, it was known as the Rheims New Testament (also spelled Rhemes). The Douay Old Testament was translated by the Church of Rome in 1609 at the College in the city of Douay (also spelled Doway & Douai). The combined product is commonly referred to as the "Doway/Rheims" Version. In 1589, Dr. William Fulke of Cambridge published the "Fulke's Refutation", in which he printed in parallel columns the Bishops Version along side the Rheims Version, attempting to show the error and distortion of the Roman Church's corrupt compromise of an English version of the Bible.
John Knox
The Geneva Bible was the first Bible to add numbered verses to the chapters, so that referencing specific passages would be easier. Every chapter was also accompanied by extensive marginal notes and references so thorough and complete that the Geneva Bible is also considered the first English "Study Bible". William Shakespeare quotes hundreds of times in his plays from the Geneva translation of the Bible. The Geneva Bible became the Bible of choice for over 100 years of English speaking Christians. Between 1560 and 1644 at least 144 editions of this Bible were published. Examination of the 1611 King James Bible shows clearly that its translators were influenced much more by the Geneva Bible, than by any other source. The Geneva Bible itself retains over 90% of William Tyndale's original English translation. The Geneva in fact, remained more popular than the King James Version until decades after its original release in 1611! The Geneva holds the honor of being the first Bible taken to America, and the Bible of the Puritans and Pilgrims. It is truly the “Bible of the Protestant Reformation.” Strangely, the famous Geneva Bible has been out-of-print since 1644, so the only way to obtain one is to either purchase an original printing of the Geneva Bible, or a less costly facsimile reproduction of the original 1560 Geneva Bible.
With the end of Queen Mary's bloody reign, the reformers could safely return to England. The Anglican Church, now under Queen Elizabeth I, reluctantly tolerated the printing and distribution of Geneva version Bibles in England. The marginal notes, which were vehemently against the institutional Church of the day, did not rest well with the rulers of the day. Another version, one with a less inflammatory tone was desired, and the copies of the Great Bible were getting to be decades old. In 1568, a revision of the Great Bible known as the Bishop's Bible was introduced. Despite 19 editions being printed between 1568 and 1606, this Bible, referred to as the “rough draft of the King James Version”, never gained much of a foothold of popularity among the people. The Geneva may have simply been too much to compete with.
By the 1580's, the Roman Catholic Church saw that it had lost the battle to suppress the will of God: that His Holy Word be available in the English language. In 1582, the Church of Rome surrendered their fight for "Latin only" and decided that if the Bible was to be available in English, they would at least have an official Roman Catholic English translation. And so, using the corrupt and inaccurate Latin Vulgate as the only source text, they went on to publish an English Bible with all the distortions and corruptions that Erasmus had revealed and warned of 75 years earlier. Because it was translated at the Roman Catholic College in the city of Rheims, it was known as the Rheims New Testament (also spelled Rhemes). The Douay Old Testament was translated by the Church of Rome in 1609 at the College in the city of Douay (also spelled Doway & Douai). The combined product is commonly referred to as the "Doway/Rheims" Version. In 1589, Dr. William Fulke of Cambridge published the "Fulke's Refutation", in which he printed in parallel columns the Bishops Version along side the Rheims Version, attempting to show the error and distortion of the Roman Church's corrupt compromise of an English version of the Bible.
1568 The Bishops Bible Printed;
The Bible of which the King James was a Revision (80 Books).1568 Bishops Bible produced. Because there was no “official” version of the Bible in England at this time, the Archbishop of Canterbury suggested the Geneva Bible be revised by the Bishop’s to be used by all the churches. This is the version known as The Bishop’s Bible
1609 The Douay Old Testament is
added to the Rheims New Testament (of 1582) Making the First
Complete English Catholic Bible; Translated from the Latin
Vulgate (80 Books).
1609 Rheims-Douay Bible is the First Complete English Catholic Bible. Called Rheims – Douay because the New Testament portion was first completed in Rheims France in 1582 followed by the Old Testament finished in 1609 in Douay. In this version the 14 books of the Apochrypha are returned to the Bible in the order written rather than kept separate in an appendix.
1611 King James Version. The stated purpose of the King James translation was “”not to make a bad version good, but to make a good one better, or out of many good ones one principal good one.” It is primarily a re-translation of the Bishop’s Bible. 54 men work on translation using all the widely accepted versions up to then including Bishop’s, Geneva, Matthews, Coverdale and Tyndale translation as well as looking at original manuscripts. All available copies of the original manuscripts are brought in. It is found that the Hebrew manuscripts are virtually identical while there is wide variations in the Greek manuscripts as they have been hand copied and handed down. The 54 men work as teams checking each other’s work. It was printed originally with all 80 books including the Apochrypha again as a separate section.
1609 Rheims-Douay Bible is the First Complete English Catholic Bible. Called Rheims – Douay because the New Testament portion was first completed in Rheims France in 1582 followed by the Old Testament finished in 1609 in Douay. In this version the 14 books of the Apochrypha are returned to the Bible in the order written rather than kept separate in an appendix.
1611 King James Version. The stated purpose of the King James translation was “”not to make a bad version good, but to make a good one better, or out of many good ones one principal good one.” It is primarily a re-translation of the Bishop’s Bible. 54 men work on translation using all the widely accepted versions up to then including Bishop’s, Geneva, Matthews, Coverdale and Tyndale translation as well as looking at original manuscripts. All available copies of the original manuscripts are brought in. It is found that the Hebrew manuscripts are virtually identical while there is wide variations in the Greek manuscripts as they have been hand copied and handed down. The 54 men work as teams checking each other’s work. It was printed originally with all 80 books including the Apochrypha again as a separate section.
1611 The King James Bible
Printed; Originally with All 80 Books. The Apocrypha was
Officially Removed in 1885 Leaving Only 66 Books.
1613-1901: At that time until today translations have continued as translators gained a better understanding of the Hebrew language and the Greek writers. 300 corrections were made in the 1613 version of the King James Version. In the 18th century Bishop Challoner made revisions to the Rheims-Douay Bible removing some Latin terms and adding the use of King James translation in some areas.
1613-1901: At that time until today translations have continued as translators gained a better understanding of the Hebrew language and the Greek writers. 300 corrections were made in the 1613 version of the King James Version. In the 18th century Bishop Challoner made revisions to the Rheims-Douay Bible removing some Latin terms and adding the use of King James translation in some areas.
1703-1791 John Wesley Born , 1707-1781 Charles
1755 John Wesley New Testament
1663 John Eliot Although the first Bible printed in America was done in the native Algonquin Indian Language by John Eliot in 1663;
1782 Robert Aitken's Bible; The First English Language Bible (KJV) Printed in America. without Apocrypha . It was a King James Version. Robert Aitken’s 1782 Bible was also the only Bible ever authorized by the United States Congress. He was commended by President George Washington for providing Americans with Bibles during the embargo of imported English goods due to the Revolutionary War. the first English language Bible to be printed in America by Robert Aitken in 1782 was a King James Version. Robert Aitken’s 1782 Bible was also the only Bible ever authorized by the United States Congress. He was commended by President George Washington for providing Americans with Bibles during the embargo of imported English goods due to the Revolutionary War. In 1808, Robert’s daughter, Jane Aitken, would become the first woman to ever print a Bible… and to do so in America, of course. In 1791, Isaac Collins vastly improved upon the quality and size of the typesetting of American Bibles and produced the first "Family Bible" printed in America... also a King James Version. Also in 1791, Isaiah Thomas published the first Illustrated Bible printed in America...in the King James Version. For more information on the earliest Bibles printed in America from the 1600’s through the early 1800’s, you may wish to review our more detailed discussion of The Bibles of Colonial America.
1755 John Wesley New Testament
1663 John Eliot Although the first Bible printed in America was done in the native Algonquin Indian Language by John Eliot in 1663;
1782 Robert Aitken's Bible; The First English Language Bible (KJV) Printed in America. without Apocrypha . It was a King James Version. Robert Aitken’s 1782 Bible was also the only Bible ever authorized by the United States Congress. He was commended by President George Washington for providing Americans with Bibles during the embargo of imported English goods due to the Revolutionary War. the first English language Bible to be printed in America by Robert Aitken in 1782 was a King James Version. Robert Aitken’s 1782 Bible was also the only Bible ever authorized by the United States Congress. He was commended by President George Washington for providing Americans with Bibles during the embargo of imported English goods due to the Revolutionary War. In 1808, Robert’s daughter, Jane Aitken, would become the first woman to ever print a Bible… and to do so in America, of course. In 1791, Isaac Collins vastly improved upon the quality and size of the typesetting of American Bibles and produced the first "Family Bible" printed in America... also a King James Version. Also in 1791, Isaiah Thomas published the first Illustrated Bible printed in America...in the King James Version. For more information on the earliest Bibles printed in America from the 1600’s through the early 1800’s, you may wish to review our more detailed discussion of The Bibles of Colonial America.
1791 Isaac Collins and Isaiah
Thomas Respectively Produce the First Family Bible and First
Illustrated Bible Printed in America. Both were King James
Versions, with All 80 Books.
1791 John Wesley Dies (1701-1791)
1791 John Wesley Dies (1701-1791)
1808 Jane Aitken's Bible
(Daughter of Robert Aitken); The First Bible to be Printed by
a Woman.
1820 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) New Testament revision, not published until 1895
1833 Noah Webster's Bible; After Producing his Famous Dictionary, Webster Printed his Own Revision of the King James Bible.
1833 Noah Webster's Bible; After Producing his Famous Dictionary, Webster Printed his Own Revision of the King James Bible.
1841 English Hexapla New
Testament; an Early Textual Comparison showing the Greek and 6
Famous English Translations in Parallel Columns.
1846 The Illuminated Bible; The
Most Lavishly Illustrated Bible printed in America. A King
James Version, with All 80 Books.
1863 First
Bible printed in America was done in the native Algonquin Indian Language
by John Eliot
1863 Robert Young's "Literal" Translation; often criticized for being so literal that it sometimes obscures the contextual English meaning.
1867 Joseph Smith Bible
1863 Robert Young's "Literal" Translation; often criticized for being so literal that it sometimes obscures the contextual English meaning.
1867 Joseph Smith Bible
1885 The "English Revised
Version" Bible; The First Major English Revision of the KJV.
1885 Apocrypha Removed The Apochrypha were removed in 1885 from King James Versions when the English Revised Version was printed and in 1901 when the American Standard Version was printed.
1885 Apocrypha Removed The Apochrypha were removed in 1885 from King James Versions when the English Revised Version was printed and in 1901 when the American Standard Version was printed.
1901 The "American Standard
Version"; The First Major American Revision of the KJV.
1946 Dead Sea Scrolls found
1946 Dead Sea Scrolls found
1952 The "Revised Standard
Version" (RSV); said to be a Revision of the 1901 American
Standard Version, though more highly criticized.
1967 Temple Back in Jewish hands in the 6 day war (I am guessing)
1971 Berkeley, first rate English translation
1961 NEB see timeline
1971 Living Bible, not favored by purists
1967 Temple Back in Jewish hands in the 6 day war (I am guessing)
1971 Berkeley, first rate English translation
1961 NEB see timeline
1971 Living Bible, not favored by purists
1971 The "New American Standard
Bible" (NASB) is Published as a "Modern and Accurate Word for
Word English Translation" of the Bible.
1973 The "New International
Version" (NIV) is Published as a "Modern and Accurate Phrase
for Phrase English Translation" of the Bible.
1976 TEV (Good News Bible)
1976 TEV (Good News Bible)
1978 see timeline
1982The "New King James Version" (NKJV) is Published as a "Modern English Version Maintaining the Original Style of the King James."
1982The "New King James Version" (NKJV) is Published as a "Modern English Version Maintaining the Original Style of the King James."
1990 The "New Revised Standard
Version" (NRSV); further revision of 1952 RSV, (itself a
revision of 1901 ASV), criticized for "gender inclusiveness".
2002 The English Standard
Version (ESV) is Published as a translation to bridge the gap
between the accuracy of the NASB and the readability of the
NIV.
Sources are varied including a time line from Ben Witherington . Most from the follwing:
Sources are varied including a time line from Ben Witherington . Most from the follwing:
This English Bible History Article &
Timeline is ©2013 by author & editor: John L. Jeffcoat
III. Special thanks is also given to Dr. Craig H. Lampe for
his valuable contributions to the text. This page may be
freely reproduced or quoted, in whole or in part, in print or
electronically, under the one condition that prominent credit
must be given to “WWW.GREATSITE.COM” as the source.
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